Preliminary application of the subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the preliminary effects of subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of six patients who underwent subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy in Peking University International Hospital from August 2018 to June 2020.Results:All six patients underwent successful subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy without conversion to thoracotomy. The rate of R0 resection was 100%. Operative time was (175.50 ± 67.78) minutes, intraoperative blood loss was (40.83 ± 31.37) mL, and postoperative drainage time was (7.17 ± 3.55) days. The total amount of postoperative drainage was (1781.67 ± 1293.53) mL. Postoperative hospital stay was (10.67 ± 6.35) days. The length of hospital stay was (19.67 ± 5.65) days. The Visual Analog Scale score measured after surgery was (2.12 ± 0.48) points. Three patients had grade 1 complications, with an incidence of complications of 50.00%. Grade 3-5 compilations did not occur in any patient. No patient died during the perioperative period.Conclusion:Subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy is safe and effective and provides a good visual field. The surgical method allows bilateral thoracic surgery, reduces surgical trauma, and has a broad application prospect.

Role of EphA2 in pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its potential as a therapeutic target / 中国肿瘤临床

The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor (Eph) and its ligand ephrin are the largest of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) family in humans. Since ephrin ligands and Eph receptors are membrane-bound proteins, binding and activation of Eph/ephrin intracellular signaling pathways can only occur via direct cell-cell interaction. Eph-ephrin complexes emanate bidirectional signals that affect cells expressing Eph and ephrin, respectively. Its repulsive signaling effects include retraction, which plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. EphA2 has been found to have a strong association with tumors and is most widely studied. EphA2 signal transduction in tumor cells may promote or inhibit tumor, depending on the tumor microenvironment. EphA2 "canonical" signaling involves ligand binding and kinase activity; thus EphA2 "noncanonical" signaling is ligand independent and lacks kinase activity. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of EphA2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), including ligand independent signal and EBV infection receptor, furthermore evaluates the prospect of its potential utilization as a target for cancer therapeutics. This may provide a new method for the prevention and treatment of NPC.

Investigation of Systematic Stability of Danshen Capsules / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To prepare Danshen extract and Danshen capsules, and study on its stability under high humidity, high temperature and light conditions.To determine the hygroscopicity of Danshen capsules and its intermediates. Method:The contents of danshensu, rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid and salvianolic acid B in Danshen extract and Danshen capsules were determined by UPLC, the detection wavelength was 280 nm and the mobile phase was 0.05% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B)for gradient elution(0-2 min, 93% -79.2% A;2-6 min, 79.2% -75% A;6-9 min, 75% -65% A;9-10.5 min, 65% -10% A;10.5-11 min, 10% -93% A).The critical relative humidity(CRH) was calculated and hygroscopic isothermal curve was drawn by determining the moisture absorption and weight gain of Danshen capsules and its intermediates. Result:The fluctuation of contents of these four phenolic acids in Danshen extract and Danshen capsules was within±10% and no significant change trend after placing at temperature of 40℃, relative humidity of 75% and 92.5%, light intensity of (4 500±500) Lx for 10 days.The change rates of danshensu in Danshen extract and Danshen capsules under 60℃ were 47.45% and 32.24%, and change rates of salvianolic acid B were -6.39% and -9.64%, respectively.The hygroscopic investigation showed that CRH of starch-based pellets was 58.5%, CRH of Danshen extract was 72.34%, CRH of coated pills was 72.85%, and CRH of Danshen capsules was 73.55%. Conclusion:High temperature has effect on stability of phenolic acids in Danshen extract and Danshen capsules, in order to ensure the quality of them, high temperature environment should be avoided.In order to prevent excessive moisture absorption of Danshen capsules and its intermediates, the relative humidity in the production and storage environment should be controlled below the corresponding CRH.

Two symmetrical unsaturated acids isolated from Viscum album / 中国天然药物

In the present study, two new acetylene conjugate compounds, dibutyl (2Z, 6Z)-octa-2, 6-dien-4-yne dioate (1), and dibutyl (2E, 6E)- octa-2, 6-dien-4-yne dioate (2), were isolated from the dry stem leaves of Viscum album, along with nine known compounds (3 - 11). Their structures were confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 8 showed antioxidant activity against xanthine oxidase (XOD) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydroxyl (DPPH), with the IC of 1.22 and 1.33 μmol·L, and the SC of 4.34 and 8.22 μmol·L, respectively.

Three new bioactive flavonoid glycosides from Viscum album / 中国天然药物

Two new flavonoid glycosides, named viscumneoside XII (1), and viscumneoside XIII (2); a new dihydrogen flavonoid glycoside product named viscumneoside XIV (3), were isolated from the aerial part of Viscum album, along with seven known compounds (4-10). Their structures were identified by analysis of spectroscopic data. In addition, cytotoxicity assay showed that 1, 2 and 3 possessed significant inhibitory activities against C6, A549 and MDA-MB-231 (the inhibition rate arrived about 50%, 70% and 74% respectively with IC ≤ 60.00 μmol·L), while the inhibition of TF-1 and Hela was not significant.

Plasma mannan?binding lectin and MBL?associated serine protease 2 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the plasma levels of mannan?binding lectin (MBL) and MBL?associated serine protease?2 (MASP-2) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore their role in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The plasma levels of MBL and MASP?2 were detected by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay in 64 HCC patients and 30 healthy control subjects. The correlation of MBL and MASP?2 with the clinical parameters of HCC patients were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The plasma levels of MBL (P=0.014) and MASP?2 (P=0.002) were significantly higher in HCC patients than in the healthy controls, but the MBL?to?MASP?2 ratio did not differ significantly between the two groups. In HCC patients, plasma MBL level was positively correlated with vascular invasion (r=0.253, P=0.047) and total bilirubin level (r=0.283, P=0.024). The plasma level of MASP?2 was positively correlated with TNM stage (r=0.276, P=0.027) and negatively correlated with plasma albumin level (r=0.?0.317, P=0.015). ROC curve analysis revealed an area under curve of 0.665 for MBL (P=0.010) and 0.694 for MASP?2 (P=0.003). The sensitivities of MBL and MASP?2 were 50% and 89.1% in the diagnosis of HCC, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MBL and MASP?2 are associated with the inflammatory state and disease progression in patients with HCC.</p>

Monitoring method of extraction process for Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus based on near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate statistical process control / 中国中药杂志

To establish an on-line monitoring method for extraction process of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, the formula medicinal material of Yiqi Fumai lyophilized injection by combining near infrared spectroscopy with multi-variable data analysis technology. The multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) model was established based on 5 normal batches in production and 2 test batches were monitored by PC scores, DModX and Hotelling T2 control charts. The results showed that MSPC model had a good monitoring ability for the extraction process. The application of the MSPC model to actual production process could effectively achieve on-line monitoring for extraction process of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, and can reflect the change of material properties in the production process in real time. This established process monitoring method could provide reference for the application of process analysis technology in the process quality control of traditional Chinese medicine injections.

Role of fibroblast growth factor 8 in process of dental epithelium-induced directional differentiation of human postnatal dental pulp stem cells into odontoblasts and pulp cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To study the effects of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) on directional differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) into odontoblasts and pulp tissue.METHODS: hDPSCs were isolated and cultured, and identified with flow cytometry by detecting cell surface markers of hDPSCs.FGF8 at concentration of 50 μg/L was added into the mineralization fluid to induce the differentiation of the hDPSCs.The mRNA expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and core-binding factor alpha 1 (Cbfa-1) in differentiated cells was detected by real-time PCR.FGF8 and mouse E11.5 dental epithelium formed restructuring cell group with hDPSCs, and then the restructuring cell group was transplanted under renal capsule membrane in nude mice for tissue culture.DNA in situ hybridization was used to identify the sources of odontoblasts and pulp cells.RESULTS: The surface markers of CD29 and CD90 showed positive in isolated hDPSCs.FGF8 induced hDPSCs to form a distinct mineralization nodule, and the expression of dentin-specific proteins, DSPP, BSP and Cbfa-1, was increased.hDPSCs were induced to differentiate into odontoblasts and pulp cells by E11.5 dental epithelium and FGF8.CONCLUSION: FGF8 can assist dental epithelium to induce directional differetiation of hDPSCs into odontoblasts and pulp cells, and formation of dentin and dental pulp cavity structure.

Analysis of misssed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of 1212 cases with placental abruption / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors and clinical manifestations of placental abruption, and to analyze the causes of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 135584 women who delivered in Women′s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University from January 2005 to December 2015. The diagnosis of placental abruption was made in 1212 cases. According to the consistency of prenatal and postnatal diagnosis, they were divided into 3 groups.(1) The diagnosis was consistent prenatally and postnatally in 715 cases(58.99%,715/1212) as the diagnosis group.(2)In 312 cases (25.74%,312/1212), the diagnosis was made after birth as the missed diagnosis group.(3)In 185 cases (15.26%,185/1212), the diagnosis was made prenatally but excluded after birth as the misdiagnosis group. The disease classification was made, and the risk factors, clinical manifestations, lab results, the time of termination and perinatal outcomes were recorded in the 3 groups. The reasons of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were analyzed. Results (1) In the 1212 cases, the diagnosis of placental abruption was confirmed in 1027 cases, with the incidence of 0.76%(1027/135584). The rate of missed diagnosis was 30.38%(312/1027), and the rate of misdiagnosis was 0.14%(185/134557). (2) There were significant differences in the degree of placental abruption among the 3 groups (P＜0.05). (3)Significant differences were found among the 3 groups regarding the ratio of hypertensive disorders, trauma, induced labor and advanced maternal age (all P＜0.05). (4) There were statistically significant differences among the 3 groups regarding the incidence of vaginal bleeding, persistent abdominal pain and uterine tenderness, bloody amniotic fluid, increased uterine tension and stillbirth (all P＜0.05). (5) There was no significant difference in the rate of abnormal fetal heart rate mornitoring among the 3 groups (P=0.22). The differences were statistically significant among the 3 groups when regarding the incidence of abnormal ultrasound finding and abnormal blood coagulation (P＜0.01), with the highest incidence of abnormal ultrasound in the diagnosis group (68.1%) and the highest incidence of abnormal coagulation in the misdiagnosis group (24.9%). (6)There was statistically significant difference among the 3 groups when comparing the ratio of termination of pregnancy within 24 hours (P=0.01). (7) There were statistically significant differences among the 3 groups when the ratios of postpartum hemorrhage, DIC, neonatal asphyxia and perinatal death were compared (all P＜0.05). The highest incidence of postpartum hemorrhage was in the diagnosis group (17.9%) and the lowest was in the misdiagnosis group (5.4%). The highest incidence of DIC was in the diagnosis group (3.9%) and the lowest was in the misdiagnosis group (0). The highest incidence of neonatal asphyxia was in the diagnosis group (30.6%) and the lowest was in the misdiagnosis group (7.6%). And for perinatal death, the highest incidence was in the diagnosis group (12.6%), the lowest was in the misdiagnosis group (2.2%). Conclusions Placental abruption could be misdiagnosed when depending on risk factors, such as trauma. And it could be missed diagnosis during the induction of labor. Uterine contraction, abnormal fetal heart rate mornitoring, abnormal ultrasound and abnormal coagulation function are important in the diagnosis of placental abruption.

Construction of NIRS-based process analytical system for production of salvianolic acid for injection and relative discussion / 中国中药杂志

Currently, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been considered as an efficient tool for achieving process analytical technology(PAT) in the manufacture of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) products. In this article, the NIRS based process analytical system for the production of salvianolic acid for injection was introduced. The design of the process analytical system was described in detail, including the selection of monitored processes and testing mode, and potential risks that should be avoided. Moreover, the development of relative technologies was also presented, which contained the establishment of the monitoring methods for the elution of polyamide resin and macroporous resin chromatography processes, as well as the rapid analysis method for finished products. Based on author's experience of research and work, several issues in the application of NIRS to the process monitoring and control in TCM production were then raised, and some potential solutions were also discussed. The issues include building the technical team for process analytical system, the design of the process analytical system in the manufacture of TCM products, standardization of the NIRS-based analytical methods, and improving the management of process analytical system. Finally, the prospect for the application of NIRS in the TCM industry was put forward.

Plant metabolomics approach for age discrimination of mountain cultivated ginseng using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS / 中国中药杂志

Growth year is one of the important factors for the quality of mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG). For age differentiation of MCG, rhizome extracts of ginseng aged from 11 to 15 years were analyzed using a non-targeted approach with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based on plant metabolomics technique. Multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to compare the derived patterns among the samples. The results showed that the chemical constituents of MCG rhizome extracts of ginseng aged from 11 to 15 years were different. The data set was subsequently applied to metabolite selection by variable importance in the projection (VIP) for sophisticated classification with the optimal number of metabolites. The OPLS-DA model of MCG has a high interpretability and predictive capability, which established by selecting metabolites of MCG aged from 11 to 15 years. By this approach, MCG samples aged from 11 to 15 years, which are the most in demand in the Chinese ginseng market, can be precisely differentiated on the basis of selected metabolites. This proposed analytical method is fast, accurate, and reliable for discriminating the growth year of MCG. Moreover, this study supplies a new method for the age discrimination of other Chinese medicinal materials.

Monitoring method for macroporous resin column chromatography process of salvianolic acids based on near infrared spectroscopy / 中国中药杂志

To study and establish a monitoring method for macroporous resin column chromatography process of salvianolic acids by using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) as a process analytical technology (PAT).The multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) model was developed based on 7 normal operation batches, and 2 test batches (including one normal operation batch and one abnormal operation batch) were used to verify the monitoring performance of this model. The results showed that MSPC model had a good monitoring ability for the column chromatography process. Meanwhile, NIR quantitative calibration model was established for three key quality indexes (rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid and salvianolic acid B) by using partial least squares (PLS) algorithm. The verification results demonstrated that this model had satisfactory prediction performance. The combined application of the above two models could effectively achieve real-time monitoring for macroporous resin column chromatography process of salvianolic acids, and can be used to conduct on-line analysis of key quality indexes. This established process monitoring method could provide reference for the development of process analytical technology for traditional Chinese medicines manufacturing.

Efficacy of intracutaneous methylene blue injection for moderate to severe acute thoracic herpes zoster pain and prevention of postherpetic neuralgia in elderly patients / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intradermal injection of methylene blue for treatment of moderate to severe acute thoracic herpes zoster and prevention of postherpetica neuralgia in elderly patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four elderly patients with herpes zoster were randomized to receive a 10-day course of intradermal injection of methylene blue and lidocaine plus oral valaciclovir (group A, 32 cases) and intradermal injection of lidocaine plus oral valaciclovir (group B).Herpes evaluation index, pain rating index, incidence of postherpetic neuralgia, and comprehensive therapeutic effect were compared between the two groups at 11, 30 and 60 days after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with that in group B, the time for no new blister formation, blister incrustation and decrustation, and pain relief was significantly shortened in group A (P<0.05) with also obviously lower pain intensity after the treatment. The incidence of postherpetic neuralgia was significantly lower in group A than in group B at 30 days (P<0.05), but not at 60 and 90 days after the treatment. The total clinical response rate was 93.8% in group A, much higher than that in group B (62.5%, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intradermal injection of methylene blue can effectively shorten the disease course, reduce the pain intensity and prevent the development of postherpetic neuralgia in elderly patients with herpes zoster.</p>

Application of metabolomics approach to study of different parts of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng using UHPLC-QTOF/MS / 药学学报

In present study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS)-based plant metabolomics approach was established to investigate the metabolic profiles of the leaves, main root, branch root, and rhizome of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng (MCG). The UHPLC-QTOF/MS data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) to find the potential characteristic components of the four parts of MCG in a quick way. The four different parts could be separated into four different groups of phytochemicals according to the PCA scores. The chemical constituents in four parts of MCG were obviously different. The identities of 81 major peaks that were detected in the four parts of MCG and the potential markers were identified by comparison with the reference compounds or were tentatively assigned by matching the retention time,empirical molecular formula and fragment ions with those of the published compounds of the Panax species. This proposed analytical method is fast, accurate, and reliable for differentiating the different parts of MCG. Moreover, this study supplied a new method for the quality evaluation of other Chinese medicinal materials.

The expression of basigin mRNA in early ischemic myocardium of rats / 中国法医学杂志

Objective To determine the expression differences of Basigin(BSG)mRNA between early ischemic myocardium(EIM) and non-ischemic myocardium(NIM) in rats and then to evaluate the possibility of BSG examination in ischemic myocardium accidents occurred in forensic medicine. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was applied for detecting the expression of BSG mRNA in EIM and NIM of rats at 15min, 30min, 1h and 2h post myocardial ischemia, and in sham operation(SO) group. Results Compared with NIM, SO and control groups, expression of BSG mRNA decreased after 15min when myocardium ischemia occurred; compared with SO, it was of 0.5 folds when 1h(P<0.5), and rebounded to SO level when 2h. Conclusion BSG could be involved in protection and myocardial remodeling in early ischemic myocardium, and may serves as a biomarker of early ischemic myocardium.

Preliminary study on plasma NGF expression in adriamycin induced rat heart failure model / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate plasma NGF expression in adriamycin induced rat heart failure (HF) model .Methods Twenty‐five Wistar rats were randomly divided into the CHF group (n=15 ,adriamycin 4 mg/kg ,by intraperitoneal injection ,for 6 weeks) and normal control group (NC group ,n=10) ,after successful model construction ,the 6‐week observation was continuously conducted .The body mass and plasma NGF expression were detected once per 2 weeks .Results After 6 weeks later ,the body mass in the CHF group was significantly reduced ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,LVEDV and LVESV were sig‐nificantly increased ,while LVEF was declined obviously (P<0 .05) ,the NGF expression amount was significantly decreased com‐pared with the control group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05);the NGF expression amount was gradually re‐duced with the time extension of disease course(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin can successfully in‐duce heart failure model in Wistar rats ,moreover NGF may be closely associated with HF .

Application of Minimum Effective Cuff Inflating Volume for Laryngeal Mask Airway and its Impact on Postoperative Pharyngeal Complications / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>High intracuff pressure can cause severe pharyngeal complications including sore throat or hoarseness after laryngeal mask airway (LMA) removal postoperatively. Though the application of minimum effective cuff inflating volume is suggested to maintain airway sealing and adequacy of ventilation for patients receiving general anesthesia with LMA at lower level of the intracuff pressure, it is currently not a standard care in most of the anesthetic departments. In this study, the minimum effective cuff inflating volume was determined for classic LMA Well Lead™ (Well Lead Medical Co., Ltd., China) and its impact on postoperative pharyngeal complications was also explored.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (I-III) undergoing the short-duration urological surgery were recruited in this trial. First, the minimum effective cuff inflating volume was determined for size 4 or 5 LMA Well Lead in the study 1. Immediately following placement and confirmation of ideal LMA position, the cuff was inflated with 5, 7, 10 ml of air and up to 30 ml at 5 ml increment. The intracuff pressure, oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP), and inspiratory peak airway pressure under positive pressure ventilation at the corresponding cuff volume as indicated above were recorded. Second, the enrolled patients were randomly allocated into minimum effective cuff inflating volume group (MC) and routine care (RC) group in the study 2. The minimum effective cuff inflating volume was applied and maintained in MC group, whereas the cuff volume was inflated with half of the maximum cuff inflating volume recommended by manufacturer in RC group throughout the surgical procedure and stay in postanesthesia care unit prior to LMA removal. The incidence of pharyngeal complications at 0, 2, 24, and 48 h after removal of LMA and other intra-operative adverse events were also documented.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The intracuff pressure varied with the cuff inflating volume in a positive linear correlation manner (Y = 11.68X - 42.1, r(2) = 0.9191) under the range of 5-30 ml for size 4 LMA. In similar with size 4 LMA, the data were also showed the linear relationship between the intracuff pressure and the cuff inflating volume (Y = 7.39X - 10.9, r(2) = 0.8855) for size 5 LMA. The minimal effective cuff inflating volume for size 4 or 5 LMA was 7-9 ml in combination of considering OLP needed to maintain airway sealing during intermittently positive pressure ventilation. The intracuff pressure in MC group was lower compared with RC group (63.0 ± 3.7 vs. 126.4 ± 24.0 cmH2O for size 4 LMA; 55.6 ± 2.4 vs. 138.5± 26.8 cmH2O for size 5 LMA; P < 0.0001). The incidence of pharyngeal adverse events was lower in MC group versus the RC group at 2, 24 h after LMA removal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The relationship between the cuff inflating volume and the intracuff pressure for size 4 or 5 LMA Well Lead(TM) is in a linear correlation manner at the range of 5-30 ml. The minimal cuff inflating volume is adequate for satisfactory airway sealing and consequently associated with lower incidence of postoperative pharyngeal complications for LMA Well Lead.™.</p>

The changes of monocarboxylate transporter-2 in spinal cord horn in a rat model of chronic inflammatory pain / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in the levels of monocarboxylate transporter-2 in spinal cord horn in a rat model of chronic inflammatory pain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male SD rats weighting 180 - 220 g were randomly divided into two groups(n = 48): normal saline group (NS group), complete Freund's adjuvant group (CFA group). Rats were given injections of CFA 100 µl in left hind paw in group CFA, and an equal volume of saline was given injection in group NS. Mechanical withdraw threshold(MWT) and thermal withdraw latency(TWL) were measured at before injection(T0 and 3 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d after injection(T1-7). Four rats were chosen from each group at T0-7 and sacrificed, and L4-5 segments of the spinal cord horn were removed for measurement of the expression of monocarboxylate transporter-2 by Western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In CFA group, mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia appeared on the 3 h after CFA injection, then until the day 14. The expression of monocarboxylate transporter-2 in the spinal dorsal horn of rats in CFA group was significantly higher than that in normal control group at T1-6(P <0.05). The protein level of monocarboxylate transporter-2 was apparently correlated with MWT and TWL(P <0.01 and P <0.05) in CFA group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The level of monocarboxylate transporter-2 in spinal dorsal horn is significantly increased in a rat model of chronic inflammatory pain and the change may involve in the formation and maintenance of central sensitization in spinal cord of chronic inflammatory uain.</p>

Determination of chemical components of Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction pieces and its quality evaluation / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>An UPLC method was developed to evaluate the quality of Paeoniae Radix by simultaneously determining four components, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol in Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction pieces.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The UPLC chromatographic column was ACQUITY UPLC® HSS T3. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid water with gradient elution. The column temperature was 30 °C and detection wavelength was 230 nm with a flow rate of 0.4 mL · min(-1). A linear model was obtained through principal component analysis (PCA), and PCA scores were used to evaluate the quality of Radix Paeoniae Alba decoction pieces comprehensively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Paeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol could be well separated from other components, and the results of specificity, precision, repeatability, linearity, recovery rate and stability reached the standards, respectively. The content of paeoniflorin in 9 batches of Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction pieces was below the standard given by Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Using the comprehensive scoring method with principal component analysis, the results showed that the samples from Zhejiang province have better quality than those from Anhui and Shandong provinces.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method established in this study can effectively determine the content of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol, which could be used for quality control of Paeoniae Radix Alba.</p>

Value of specific 16S rDNA fragment of algae in diagnosis of drowning: an experiment with rabbits / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for amplifying specific 16S rDNA fragment of algae related with drowning and test its value in drowning diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five rabbits were randomly divided into 3 the drowning group (n=15), postmortem water immersion group (n=15, subjected to air embolism before seawater immersion), and control group(n=5, with air embolism only). Twenty samples of the liver tissues from human corpses found in water were also used, including 14 diatom-positive and 6 diatom-negative samples identified by microwave digestion-vacuum filtration-automated scanning electron microscopy (MD-VF-Auto SEM). Seven known species of algae served as the control algae (Melosira sp, Nitzschia sp, Synedra sp, Navicula sp, Microcystis sp, Cyclotella meneghiniana, and Chlorella sp). The total DNA was extracted from the tissues and algae to amplify the specific fragment of algae followed by 8% polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis and sliver-staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the drowning group, algae was detected in the lungs (100%), liver (86%), and kidney (86%); algae was detected in the lungs in 2 rabbits in the postmortem group (13%) and none in the control group. The positivity rates of algae were significantly higher in the drowning group than in the postmortem group (P<0.05). Of the 20 tissue samples from human corps found in water, 15 were found positive for algae, including sample that had been identified as diatom-negative by MD-VF-Auto SEM. All the 7 control algae samples yielded positive results in PCR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The PCR-based method has a high sensitivity in algae detection for drowning diagnosis and allows simultaneous detection of multiple algae species related with drowning.</p>